El comerça del cafè, sense voler, va donar lloc al cultiu de plàtans. Resulta que per poder transportar cafè des de les terres altes a Puerto Limón (Carib) el govern va voler crear un línia de tren, feina que va encarregar a Minor Keith, familiar del magnat ferroviari de EUA.
El projecte va ser un desastre. La malària i els accidents demanaven un canvi constant de mà d'obra. Primer es van contractar als costarriquenses (ticos), després es van portar convictes nordamericans i criats xinos i finalment es van portar esclaus alliberats de Jamaica. En 10 anys es va fer 100km i dos germans de Keith van morir. Per animar-lo el govern li donà 800000 acres de terra al llarg de la ruta i un concessió de 99 anys per dirigir el ferrocarril. El 1890 es va acabar la línia, amb pèrdues.
Keith va començar a plantar plàtans al costat de les vies per alimentar de forma econòmica als seus traballadors. Desesperat per recuperar la inversió va fer enviar uns quants plàtans a EUA. Els consumidors els va encantar la idea i va nèixer així el comerç a gran escala del plàtan a Costa Rica. Finalment Keith es va unir a un altre importador nordamericà i es crear la United Fruit Company ("Yunai" pels ticos). Això va atraure a molts jamaicans, cosa que va canviar la fisonomía ètnica del país i que va provocar conflictes racials.
El 1913 una plaga provinent de Panamà va afectar els cultius bananers de la costa Caribenya, cosa que va fer plagar a la companyía per moure's a la zona del Pacífic, cosa que deixà a molta gent (especialment immigrants jamaicans) en la misèria. Finalment, la Yunai, va perdre el monopoli plataner al país.
Més info aquí i aquí.
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In century XIX the inhabitants of Costa Rica discovered that their land was perfect to cultivate coffee. They were the first country of Central America that presented the red coffe seed, becoming the richest region of the area. The industry of coffee developed in a diferent way than the rest of centroamerica. The small farms became the main producers while the magnates of coffee ruled the processing, distribution and financing. The coffee economy created a broad net of rich dealers and farmers at a small scale; in the meanwhile, in the rest of Central America a small group controled the big properties in which workers were contracted.
The coffee business, without wanting to, lead to the cultivoation of bananas. To transport the coffee from the high lands to Puerto Limón (Caribean) the government wanted to creat a train line, task that was delegated to Minor Keith, a familiar of the magnate of rail industry in the USA.
The project was a mess. Malaria and accidents required a constant renovation of workers. The first to be contracted were Costa Rica citizens (ticos), later on nordamerican convicts and chinese breeders and finally liberated slaves from Jamaica. In 10 years only 100km were done and 2 brothers of Keith died. To encourage him the government gave him 800.000 acres of land along the rute and a concession of 99 years to run the rail business. In 1890 the work was finished.
Keith started cultivating banana next to the rail to feed economically his workers. Desperate to get back the money invested he sent some bananas to the USA. People over there liked in a lot and that is how the business of banana at a big scale started in Costa Rica. Finally Keith merged with another northamerican business guy and created the United Fruit Company (known as "Yunai" by ticos). This attracted a lot of people from jamaica, thing that changed the ethnic reality of the country, causing ratial conflicts.
In 1913 a pest from Panama afected the banana cultives in the Caribean Cost. Due to this the Yunai moved to the Pacific area, leaving a lot of people (specially jamaica people) in the misery. Finally the Yunai lost the monopoly in the country.
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